On the morning of Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on U.S. Army Air Corps and U.S. Army installations on Hawaii and the U.S. Navy’s Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In just under two hours, more than 2,400 U.S. servicemen were killed and more than 1,100 were wounded. Nearly 200 U.S. aircraft were destroyed. The following day, the U.S. declared war on Japan.

During the balance of World War II, the Army Map Service produced some 500 million topographic maps. The Normandy invasion in June 1944 required nearly 70 million copies of 3,000 different maps. The AMS was later merged into the Defense Mapping Agency – a heritage organization of the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency.